requests高级知识
- HttpConnectinPool:
- 原因:
- 1.短时间内发起了高频的请求导致ip被禁
- 2.http连接池中的连接资源被耗尽
- 解决:
- 1.代理
- 2.headers中加入Conection:“close”
- 代理:代理服务器,可以接受请求然后将其转发。
- 匿名度
- 高匿:啥也不知道
- 匿名:知道你使用了代理,但是不知道你的真实ip
- 透明:知道你使用了代理并且知道你的真实ip
- 类型:
- http
- https
- 免费代理:
- www.goubanjia.com
- 快代理
- 西祠代理
- http://http.zhiliandaili.cn/
使用代理
#代理池:列表
import random
proxy_list = [
{'https':'121.231.94.44:8888'},
{'https':'131.231.94.44:8888'},
{'https':'141.231.94.44:8888'}
]
url = 'https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=ip'
page_text = requests.get(url,headers=headers,proxies=random.choice(proxy_list)).text
with open('ip.html','w',encoding='utf-8') as fp:
fp.write(page_text)
获取代理IP
#爬取西祠代理
import requests
headers = {
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.132 Safari/537.36'
}
headers = {
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.132 Safari/537.36',
'Connection':"close"
}
url = 'https://www.xicidaili.com/nn/%d'
proxy_list_http = []
proxy_list_https = []
for page in range(1,20):
new_url = format(url%page)
ip_port = random.choice(ip_list)
page_text = requests.get(new_url,headers=headers,proxies={'https':ip_port}).text
tree = etree.HTML(page_text)
#tbody不可以出现在xpath表达式中
tr_list = tree.xpath('//*[@id="ip_list"]//tr')[1:]
for tr in tr_list:
ip = tr.xpath('./td[2]/text()')[0]
port = tr.xpath('./td[3]/text()')[0]
t_type = tr.xpath('./td[6]/text()')[0]
ips = ip+':'+port
if t_type == 'HTTP':
dic = {
t_type: ips
}
proxy_list_http.append(dic)
else:
dic = {
t_type:ips
}
proxy_list_https.append(dic)
print(len(proxy_list_http),len(proxy_list_https))
检查代理ip是否能用
# 使用代理ip随意请求一个网址
for ip in proxy_list_http:
response = requests.get('https://www/sogou.com',headers=headers,proxies={'https':ip})
if response.status_code == '200':
print('检测到了可用ip')
cookies处理
- cookie的处理
- 手动处理:将cookie封装到headers中
- 自动处理:session对象。可以创建一个session对象,改对象可以像requests一样进行请求发送。不同之处在于如果在使用session进行请求发送的过程中产生了cookie,则cookie会被自动存储在session对象中。
模拟登陆-验证码识别
- 验证码的识别
- 超级鹰:http://www.chaojiying.com/about.html
- 注册:(用户中心身份)
- 登陆:
- 创建一个软件:899370
- 下载示例代码
- 打码兔
- 云打码
- 动态变化的请求参数
- 通常情况下动态变化的请求参数都会被隐藏在前台页面源码中
- 超级鹰SDk
import requests
from hashlib import md5
class Chaojiying_Client(object):
def __init__(self, username, password, soft_id):
self.username = username
password = password.encode('utf8')
self.password = md5(password).hexdigest()
self.soft_id = soft_id
self.base_params = {
'user': self.username,
'pass2': self.password,
'softid': self.soft_id,
}
self.headers = {
'Connection': 'Keep-Alive',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)',
}
def PostPic(self, im, codetype):
"""
im: 图片字节
codetype: 题目类型 参考 http://www.chaojiying.com/price.html
"""
params = {
'codetype': codetype,
}
params.update(self.base_params)
files = {'userfile': ('ccc.jpg', im)}
r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/Processing.php', data=params, files=files, headers=self.headers)
return r.json()
def ReportError(self, im_id):
"""
im_id:报错题目的图片ID
"""
params = {
'id': im_id,
}
params.update(self.base_params)
r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/ReportError.php', data=params, headers=self.headers)
return r.json()
模拟登陆-古诗文网
# 识别古诗文网中的验证码
def tranformImgData(imgPath,t_type):
chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('bobo328410948', 'bobo328410948', '899370')
im = open(imgPath, 'rb').read()
return chaojiying.PostPic(im, t_type)['pic_str']
#模拟登陆
s = requests.Session()
url = 'https://so.gushiwen.org/user/login.aspx?from=http://so.gushiwen.org/user/collect.aspx'
page_text = s.get(url,headers=headers).text
tree = etree.HTML(page_text)
img_src = 'https://so.gushiwen.org'+tree.xpath('//*[@id="imgCode"]/@src')[0]
img_data = s.get(img_src,headers=headers).content
with open('./code.jpg','wb') as fp:
fp.write(img_data)
#动态获取变化的请求参数
__VIEWSTATE = tree.xpath('//*[@id="__VIEWSTATE"]/@value')[0]
__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR = tree.xpath('//*[@id="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR"]/@value')[0]
code_text = tranformImgData('./code.jpg',1004)
print(code_text)
login_url = 'https://so.gushiwen.org/user/login.aspx?from=http%3a%2f%2fso.gushiwen.org%2fuser%2fcollect.aspx'
data = {
'__VIEWSTATE': __VIEWSTATE,
'__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR': __VIEWSTATEGENERATOR,
'from':'http://so.gushiwen.org/user/collect.aspx',
'email': 'www.zhangbowudi@qq.com',
'pwd': 'bobo328410948',
'code': code_text,
'denglu': '登录',
}
page_text = s.post(url=login_url,headers=headers,data=data).text
with open('login.html','w',encoding='utf-8') as fp:
fp.write(page_text)
#代理池:列表
import random
proxy_list = [
{'https':'121.231.94.44:8888'},
{'https':'131.231.94.44:8888'},
{'https':'141.231.94.44:8888'}
]
url = 'https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=ip'
page_text = requests.get(url,headers=headers,proxies=random.choice(proxy_list)).text
with open('ip.html','w',encoding='utf-8') as fp:
fp.write(page_text)
#爬取西祠代理
import requests
headers = {
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.132 Safari/537.36'
}
headers = {
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.132 Safari/537.36',
'Connection':"close"
}
url = 'https://www.xicidaili.com/nn/%d'
proxy_list_http = []
proxy_list_https = []
for page in range(1,20):
new_url = format(url%page)
ip_port = random.choice(ip_list)
page_text = requests.get(new_url,headers=headers,proxies={'https':ip_port}).text
tree = etree.HTML(page_text)
#tbody不可以出现在xpath表达式中
tr_list = tree.xpath('//*[@id="ip_list"]//tr')[1:]
for tr in tr_list:
ip = tr.xpath('./td[2]/text()')[0]
port = tr.xpath('./td[3]/text()')[0]
t_type = tr.xpath('./td[6]/text()')[0]
ips = ip+':'+port
if t_type == 'HTTP':
dic = {
t_type: ips
}
proxy_list_http.append(dic)
else:
dic = {
t_type:ips
}
proxy_list_https.append(dic)
print(len(proxy_list_http),len(proxy_list_https))
检查代理ip是否能用
# 使用代理ip随意请求一个网址
for ip in proxy_list_http:
response = requests.get('https://www/sogou.com',headers=headers,proxies={'https':ip})
if response.status_code == '200':
print('检测到了可用ip')
cookies处理
- cookie的处理
- 手动处理:将cookie封装到headers中
- 自动处理:session对象。可以创建一个session对象,改对象可以像requests一样进行请求发送。不同之处在于如果在使用session进行请求发送的过程中产生了cookie,则cookie会被自动存储在session对象中。
模拟登陆-验证码识别
- 验证码的识别
- 超级鹰:http://www.chaojiying.com/about.html
- 注册:(用户中心身份)
- 登陆:
- 创建一个软件:899370
- 下载示例代码
- 打码兔
- 云打码
- 动态变化的请求参数
- 通常情况下动态变化的请求参数都会被隐藏在前台页面源码中
- 超级鹰SDk
import requests
from hashlib import md5
class Chaojiying_Client(object):
def __init__(self, username, password, soft_id):
self.username = username
password = password.encode('utf8')
self.password = md5(password).hexdigest()
self.soft_id = soft_id
self.base_params = {
'user': self.username,
'pass2': self.password,
'softid': self.soft_id,
}
self.headers = {
'Connection': 'Keep-Alive',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)',
}
def PostPic(self, im, codetype):
"""
im: 图片字节
codetype: 题目类型 参考 http://www.chaojiying.com/price.html
"""
params = {
'codetype': codetype,
}
params.update(self.base_params)
files = {'userfile': ('ccc.jpg', im)}
r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/Processing.php', data=params, files=files, headers=self.headers)
return r.json()
def ReportError(self, im_id):
"""
im_id:报错题目的图片ID
"""
params = {
'id': im_id,
}
params.update(self.base_params)
r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/ReportError.php', data=params, headers=self.headers)
return r.json()
模拟登陆-古诗文网
# 识别古诗文网中的验证码
def tranformImgData(imgPath,t_type):
chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('bobo328410948', 'bobo328410948', '899370')
im = open(imgPath, 'rb').read()
return chaojiying.PostPic(im, t_type)['pic_str']
#模拟登陆
s = requests.Session()
url = 'https://so.gushiwen.org/user/login.aspx?from=http://so.gushiwen.org/user/collect.aspx'
page_text = s.get(url,headers=headers).text
tree = etree.HTML(page_text)
img_src = 'https://so.gushiwen.org'+tree.xpath('//*[@id="imgCode"]/@src')[0]
img_data = s.get(img_src,headers=headers).content
with open('./code.jpg','wb') as fp:
fp.write(img_data)
#动态获取变化的请求参数
__VIEWSTATE = tree.xpath('//*[@id="__VIEWSTATE"]/@value')[0]
__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR = tree.xpath('//*[@id="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR"]/@value')[0]
code_text = tranformImgData('./code.jpg',1004)
print(code_text)
login_url = 'https://so.gushiwen.org/user/login.aspx?from=http%3a%2f%2fso.gushiwen.org%2fuser%2fcollect.aspx'
data = {
'__VIEWSTATE': __VIEWSTATE,
'__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR': __VIEWSTATEGENERATOR,
'from':'http://so.gushiwen.org/user/collect.aspx',
'email': 'www.zhangbowudi@qq.com',
'pwd': 'bobo328410948',
'code': code_text,
'denglu': '登录',
}
page_text = s.post(url=login_url,headers=headers,data=data).text
with open('login.html','w',encoding='utf-8') as fp:
fp.write(page_text)
# 使用代理ip随意请求一个网址
for ip in proxy_list_http:
response = requests.get('https://www/sogou.com',headers=headers,proxies={'https':ip})
if response.status_code == '200':
print('检测到了可用ip')
- cookie的处理
- 手动处理:将cookie封装到headers中
- 自动处理:session对象。可以创建一个session对象,改对象可以像requests一样进行请求发送。不同之处在于如果在使用session进行请求发送的过程中产生了cookie,则cookie会被自动存储在session对象中。
模拟登陆-验证码识别
- 验证码的识别
- 超级鹰:http://www.chaojiying.com/about.html
- 注册:(用户中心身份)
- 登陆:
- 创建一个软件:899370
- 下载示例代码
- 打码兔
- 云打码
- 动态变化的请求参数
- 通常情况下动态变化的请求参数都会被隐藏在前台页面源码中
- 超级鹰SDk
import requests
from hashlib import md5
class Chaojiying_Client(object):
def __init__(self, username, password, soft_id):
self.username = username
password = password.encode('utf8')
self.password = md5(password).hexdigest()
self.soft_id = soft_id
self.base_params = {
'user': self.username,
'pass2': self.password,
'softid': self.soft_id,
}
self.headers = {
'Connection': 'Keep-Alive',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)',
}
def PostPic(self, im, codetype):
"""
im: 图片字节
codetype: 题目类型 参考 http://www.chaojiying.com/price.html
"""
params = {
'codetype': codetype,
}
params.update(self.base_params)
files = {'userfile': ('ccc.jpg', im)}
r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/Processing.php', data=params, files=files, headers=self.headers)
return r.json()
def ReportError(self, im_id):
"""
im_id:报错题目的图片ID
"""
params = {
'id': im_id,
}
params.update(self.base_params)
r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/ReportError.php', data=params, headers=self.headers)
return r.json()
模拟登陆-古诗文网
# 识别古诗文网中的验证码
def tranformImgData(imgPath,t_type):
chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('bobo328410948', 'bobo328410948', '899370')
im = open(imgPath, 'rb').read()
return chaojiying.PostPic(im, t_type)['pic_str']
#模拟登陆
s = requests.Session()
url = 'https://so.gushiwen.org/user/login.aspx?from=http://so.gushiwen.org/user/collect.aspx'
page_text = s.get(url,headers=headers).text
tree = etree.HTML(page_text)
img_src = 'https://so.gushiwen.org'+tree.xpath('//*[@id="imgCode"]/@src')[0]
img_data = s.get(img_src,headers=headers).content
with open('./code.jpg','wb') as fp:
fp.write(img_data)
#动态获取变化的请求参数
__VIEWSTATE = tree.xpath('//*[@id="__VIEWSTATE"]/@value')[0]
__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR = tree.xpath('//*[@id="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR"]/@value')[0]
code_text = tranformImgData('./code.jpg',1004)
print(code_text)
login_url = 'https://so.gushiwen.org/user/login.aspx?from=http%3a%2f%2fso.gushiwen.org%2fuser%2fcollect.aspx'
data = {
'__VIEWSTATE': __VIEWSTATE,
'__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR': __VIEWSTATEGENERATOR,
'from':'http://so.gushiwen.org/user/collect.aspx',
'email': 'www.zhangbowudi@qq.com',
'pwd': 'bobo328410948',
'code': code_text,
'denglu': '登录',
}
page_text = s.post(url=login_url,headers=headers,data=data).text
with open('login.html','w',encoding='utf-8') as fp:
fp.write(page_text)
- 验证码的识别
- 超级鹰:http://www.chaojiying.com/about.html
- 注册:(用户中心身份)
- 登陆:
- 创建一个软件:899370
- 下载示例代码
- 打码兔
- 云打码
- 动态变化的请求参数
- 通常情况下动态变化的请求参数都会被隐藏在前台页面源码中
- 超级鹰SDk
import requests
from hashlib import md5
class Chaojiying_Client(object):
def __init__(self, username, password, soft_id):
self.username = username
password = password.encode('utf8')
self.password = md5(password).hexdigest()
self.soft_id = soft_id
self.base_params = {
'user': self.username,
'pass2': self.password,
'softid': self.soft_id,
}
self.headers = {
'Connection': 'Keep-Alive',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)',
}
def PostPic(self, im, codetype):
"""
im: 图片字节
codetype: 题目类型 参考 http://www.chaojiying.com/price.html
"""
params = {
'codetype': codetype,
}
params.update(self.base_params)
files = {'userfile': ('ccc.jpg', im)}
r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/Processing.php', data=params, files=files, headers=self.headers)
return r.json()
def ReportError(self, im_id):
"""
im_id:报错题目的图片ID
"""
params = {
'id': im_id,
}
params.update(self.base_params)
r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/ReportError.php', data=params, headers=self.headers)
return r.json()
# 识别古诗文网中的验证码
def tranformImgData(imgPath,t_type):
chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('bobo328410948', 'bobo328410948', '899370')
im = open(imgPath, 'rb').read()
return chaojiying.PostPic(im, t_type)['pic_str']
#模拟登陆
s = requests.Session()
url = 'https://so.gushiwen.org/user/login.aspx?from=http://so.gushiwen.org/user/collect.aspx'
page_text = s.get(url,headers=headers).text
tree = etree.HTML(page_text)
img_src = 'https://so.gushiwen.org'+tree.xpath('//*[@id="imgCode"]/@src')[0]
img_data = s.get(img_src,headers=headers).content
with open('./code.jpg','wb') as fp:
fp.write(img_data)
#动态获取变化的请求参数
__VIEWSTATE = tree.xpath('//*[@id="__VIEWSTATE"]/@value')[0]
__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR = tree.xpath('//*[@id="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR"]/@value')[0]
code_text = tranformImgData('./code.jpg',1004)
print(code_text)
login_url = 'https://so.gushiwen.org/user/login.aspx?from=http%3a%2f%2fso.gushiwen.org%2fuser%2fcollect.aspx'
data = {
'__VIEWSTATE': __VIEWSTATE,
'__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR': __VIEWSTATEGENERATOR,
'from':'http://so.gushiwen.org/user/collect.aspx',
'email': 'www.zhangbowudi@qq.com',
'pwd': 'bobo328410948',
'code': code_text,
'denglu': '登录',
}
page_text = s.post(url=login_url,headers=headers,data=data).text
with open('login.html','w',encoding='utf-8') as fp:
fp.write(page_text)